بررسی عددی پاسخ طیف شتاب لرزه‌ای در تونل‌های شهری مدفون در خاک‌های ریزدانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای ژئوتکنیک؛ گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد استهبان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، استهبان، ایران.

2 عضو هیات علمی، گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد استهبان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، استهبان، ایران.

3 استادیار و عضو هیات علمی گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد استهبان، ایران.

10.22044/tuse.2026.16934.1505

چکیده

این مطالعه به بررسی عددی پاسخ طیف شتاب لرزه‌ای در تونل‌های شهری مدفون در خاک‌های ریزدانه می‌پردازد. هدف اصلی، تحلیل تأثیر عمق مدفون تونل(یا ضخامت آبرفت) بر پاسخ لرزه‌ای تونل‌های با قطرهای مختلف ۶، ۹ و ۱۲ متر و نوع خاک ماسه سیلتی، رس سیلتی و آبرفت بر شتاب طیفی سطح زمین است. تحقیق با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ABAQUS و به کارگیری مدل رفتاری غیرخطی دراکر-پراگر، شبیه‌سازی‌های دینامیکی دو بعدی انجام شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که حضور تونل به‌طور کلی موجب تغییرات در مقدار طیف پاسخ شتاب می‌شود. با افزایش عمق اثر حضور تونل کاهش می‌یابد، به‌طوری که در عمق ۴۰ متری، شتاب طیفی در تمامی موارد کمتر از حالت میدان آزاد می‌باشد. قابل‌توجه‌ترین پدیده، تقویت موضعی شتاب طیفی در عمق میانی ۳۰ متری بود. بیشترین میزان تقویت در خاک ماسه سیلتی و برای تونل با قطر ۱۲ متر رخ داده و شتاب طیفی به g 41/8 می‌رسد که نشان‌دهنده افزایش 62/2 درصدی نسبت به حالت بدون تونل بود. در خاک رس سیلتی نیز در شرایط بحرانی، افزایشی حدود ۷ درصدی مشاهده شد. این نتایج بر پیچیدگی اندرکنش خاک-سازه و لزوم درنظرگیری اثر تونل‌ها در ارزیابی خطر لرزه‌ای و طراحی سازه‌های سطحی مجاور تأکید می‌کند

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

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Numerical investigation of seismic acceleration spectrum response in urban tunnels buried in fine-grained soils
 
Hossein Khademi Mashari1, Mehdi Mokhberi2*, Gholamreza Atefatdoost3
 1- PhD candidate; Department of Civil engineering, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University, E-mail: Khademi_hosein57@yahoo.com
2- Faculty Member; Department of Civil engineering, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University, E-mail: mehdi.mokhberi@iau.ac.ir
3- Assistant Professor; Department of Civil engineering, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University, E-mail: Gh.atefatddost@iau.ac.ir
 
Received: 12 Oct 2025; Accepted: 6 Jul 2026
DOI: 10.22044/tuse.2026.16934.1505     
 
Keywords
 
Extended Abstract
Tunnel
Spectral acceleration
Abaqus (ABAQUS)
Free square
Near field
Summary
This study numerically investigates the seismic acceleration spectrum response of urban tunnels buried in fine-grained soils. The main objective is to analyze the effects of tunnel burial depth, tunnel diameter, and soil type on the ground surface seismic acceleration spectrum. Three tunnel diameters (6, 9, and 12 meters) were examined at burial depths of 20, 30, and 40 meters within three soil types: silty sand, silty clay, and alluvium. The research was conducted using ABAQUS software for two-dimensional dynamic simulations, employing the Drucker-Prager nonlinear constitutive model. The findings of this study reveal that tunnel presence significantly alters spectral acceleration, with the most pronounced effects observed at intermediate depths and in looser soil conditions.
 
Introduction
Rapid urban population growth and limited surface space have increased dependence on underground infrastructure in which tunnels play a critical role in transportation and utility networks. Ensuring seismic safety of these structures is essential as their failure may have severe consequences. Extensive numerical and experimental studies have been conducted to understand tunnel behavior under earthquake loading. However, complex interaction between tunnels, surrounding soils, and seismic wave propagation requires further investigation. This research addresses this gap by systematically evaluating the influence of overburden thickness, tunnel depth, tunnel diameter, and soil properties on ground surface spectral acceleration due to seismic loading. The results aim to provide practical insights for seismic hazard assessment and the design of surface structures adjacent to underground tunnels.
 
Methodology and Approaches
Numerical models were developed using ABAQUS software package to simulate both free-field conditions and tunnel-soil systems. Tunnels with diameters of 6, 9, and 12 meters were modeled at depths of 20, 30, and 40 meters, measured from the tunnel center to the ground surface. Three distinct soil types—silty sand, silty clay, and alluvium—were considered. The Drucker-Prager criterion was used to simulate nonlinear soil behavior. The tunnel lining, composed of a 30 cm thick precast concrete segment with a compressive strength of 700 kg/cm² and a density of 2400 kg/m³, was modeled. Soil-structure interaction at the tunnel-soil interface was explicitly considered. Seismic loading was applied using ground motion records from four well-known earthquakes: Imperial Valley 262, Northridge 1231, San Fernando, and Tabas. The finite element mesh was used and extended to a depth of 60 meters and a width of 100 meters. The study systematically evaluated the effects of tunnel depth and diameter on the acceleration spectrum response under various soil conditions.
 
Results and Conclusions
The results indicate that tunnel presence causes measurable changes in the ground surface acceleration spectrum response compared to free-field conditions. With increasing depth, the tunnel influence diminishes so that at a depth of 40 meters, spectral acceleration values were consistently lower than those of the free-field scenario for all soil types and tunnel diameters. The most notable phenomenon occurred at the intermediate depth of 30 meters, where a local enhancement of spectral acceleration was observed. The highest amplification occurred in the case of a 12-meter diameter tunnel in silty sand soil. The study emphasizes the necessity of incorporating tunnel effects into seismic hazard assessments and the design of adjacent surface structures to ensure resilience during earthquake events.
 
مهندسی تونل و فضاهای زیرزمینی
دوره 15، شماره 1
فروردین 1405
صفحه 1-22

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